The new guidance clarifies enforcement mechanisms, standardizes data use, and tightens legal boundaries for credit penalties. First introduced through pilot programs in the early 2010s, the social ...

For example, in 2019, mixed martial arts fighter Xu Xiaodong made headlines when his social credit score was lowered “for insulting tai chi grandmaster Chen Xiaowang,” according to Quartz, which also ...

— “Infinite” by Hoàng Nhuận Cầm (1952-2021). As if Vietnam still needed more legal frameworks, the Ministry of Public Security (MPS) announced a draft proposal to rate “digital citizens” last December ...

China’s push to expand social-insurance coverage is sparking widespread criticism as local authorities and banks promote loan ...

China’s state-run social credit system has drawn global attention for years, but other versions are actively spreading. These systems increasingly shape the behavior and outcomes of citizens’ lives, ...