The distribution of chromium ion oxidation states - how many electron vacancies these ions have available for chemical reactions - may be the factor that determines whether corrosion occurs.

Kinetics of radiation-induced Cr(ii) and Cr(iii) redox chemistry in molten LiCl–KCl eutectic. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics , 2025; DOI: 10.1039/D4CP04190A Cite This Page : ...

The data booklet has some examples of complex ion-electron equations. As well as ions and electrons, they involve hydrogen ions (H +) and water (H 2 O).