Every year on Aug. 20, the Catholic Church honors St. Bernard of Clairvaux, the 12th-century monk who helped to build up the Cistercian order — some of whom are known today as the Trappists. Bernard ...
During his general audience on Nov. 11, Pope Benedict XVI spoke about the monastic reform associated with the famous monastery of Cluny. Founded 1,100 years ago, the monks of Cluny made the Church’s ...
This essay focuses on the letters of Peter Damian to study the on-the-ground consequences of reform. In the context of one of the most dynamic periods of the Middle Ages, the eleventh century, the ...
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